Background: In Iran, despite various attempts to increase recruitment of female blood donors, women include less than 10% of the blood donors. Methods: The purpose of the study was to evaluate impact of face to face education via Train-the-Trainer (TTT) model on people’ s willingness to donate blood specially women. A field trial study was designed based on face to face educational plan for population in 22 municipally regions of Tehran (capital of Iran). The time of Study in trial 1 was between February 2010 and March 2010 and in Trial 2 was between February 2010 and March 2011. Results: Total number of volunteers in trial 2 was 9178 cases including 2785 females and 6393 males compared with 4074 cases including 454 females and 3620 males in trial 1. Female/male ratio in trials 1 and 2 were 0. 13 and 0. 44, respectively, (p< 0. 001). Of the 4074 donors, 24% (981/4074) in trial one and of the 9178 donors, 29% (2693/9178) in trial two were deferred, p<0. 001. The most common cause of deferral donors in trial 1 and 2 were secondary erythrocytosis, 20% (197/982) and anemia, 21. 5% (581/2693), respectively. Conclusions: Overall, the face to face education is an appropriate method for safe blood donor motivation and recruitment.

What structuralist narratologists have in common is that, instead of analyzing the actants of a literary genre based on traditional rhetoric, they analyze a literary genre as a systematic structure whose actants have internal links together. The plot or the sequence of events is the most significant element that both the first and the second generation of Narratologists have considered attentively. Although the first generation emphasizes on causative and effective sequence, the second generation, especially, Raymon Kenon, has also added the periodic sequence to that. The present study aimed at considering 300 Sufis’ revelations selected from 30 mystical prose from the 4th to the 7th Century. It was found that even though the combination of events had numerous superficial differences, they followed few similar patterns. The results also showed that, in addition to the causative or periodic relevance, the revelations had another kind of sequence whereby a unique moment of the mystic’s incoming is briefly narrated. These kinds of revelations are highly inspired by a type of French story which is called “Nouvelle - instant” revelation.

Introduction: In order to manage a patient, doctors and medical students need to collect the patient's data and information in different ways, evaluate, interpret, analyze and reason clinically, and after diagnosis, take action to solve the patient's problem. For this purpose, it is necessary for them to go through the levels of knowledge in three categories: remembering, interpretation and problem solving. Materials & Methods: In this area, we intend to introduce a case-based replacement technique to our audiences. We have named this method TTT or (Triple Taxonomy Tests / technique) or MTQ (Mixed Taxonomy Questions). Results: In this way, a case is designed with a number of questions and a number of options and blank spaces, based on three levels of "recall", "interpretation" and "problem solving". This form of test or case-based technique is used in self-learning exercises, self-assessment or official assessments Conclusion: This test helps us to improve the ability to use "thinking", clinical decision-making and solving problems in real patient cases.

This study investigates the relationship between two key economic indicators: income and wealth. Despite apparent similarities in the behavior of these two variables, numerous instances highlight their differences and lack of complete correlation. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the dependency structure between individuals’ income and wealth using advanced statistical tools. To model the dependency between income and wealth, the copula function—an innovative tool in probability theory—has been employed. In this regard, various copula functions are examined, and the Clayton copula family along with the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) copula family are identified as the most suitable choices for the studied data. Additionally, the study introduces a new bivariate index based on the Total Time on Test (TTT) transform in the bivariate case, utilizing copula functions. This index is applied to real-world data on the income and wealth of Iranian households, and the results demonstrate a significant relationship between the two variables at the societal level. Therefore, it can be concluded that using this index in economic data reveals that the proposed bivariate TTT index can effectively represent the dependency structure between income and wealth. Furthermore, the use of Clayton and FGM copulas also shows a good fit with the empirical data.

hariri and hamidis amqamat ,as two prose works in classical Arabic and Persian literature have special values for the critics. The study of "Plot" in these two literary works illustrates that hariri had prepared an attractive and independent sketch for each short story (amqamat) in advance each to be employed for a macrostructure. hamidis however failed to follow what hariri did in this respect. as a result his short stories are know to have failed in matching those of the hariri both in attraction and an organized sketch.

"Plot" is one of the main elements of stories and the most important assessment criteria of aestheticism in an anecdotal work. The holy Qur'an is full of narratives whose belletristic could be assessed on the basis of modern yardsticks. In this research, the plot of Yousef's story has been studied and analyzed based on Larivey's theory.Among the specialized features of the plot of the proposed story, one can point to aspects such as the exact management and the suitable selection of information, the creation of paradox and the gradual abeyance in the least voluminous text, congruence of actions and unity of incidences, and homogeneity in the narrative with respect to occurrences.

In order to study the effect of plot-to-plot irrigation method on soil chemical characteristics and rice yield, a randomized block experiment was conducted in the research farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of University of Guilan. This research was done in three repetitions and each repetition included six plots which were named plot by plot in a vertical row from 1 to 6. The quality characteristics of the soil were evaluated at two depths of 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm, as well as grain yield. The results showed that the highest salinity (3.8 mmhos/cm), total soluble solids (2316.6 mg/l), nitrate (6.3 mg/l), sodium (407.5 mg/l), calcium (410.8 mg/L), and sodium absorption ratio (5.6 me/L) were observed at the depth of 0 to 15 cm in the sixth plot. But, the highest grain yield with 9035.54 kg/ha was related to the fourth plot. Despite the same agricultural operations in the plots, the amounts of nutrients, soil soluble salts and grain yield were different in them, which could be due to the difference in the amount of nutrients in the plots. Therefore, in order to prevent their amount from changing from one plot to another, the necessary opportunity for the absorption of water nutrients and soil solution by the plant in the plots should be created to affect the final yield. In general, due to the reduction of only 5.92 and 4.33 percent of paddy yield in the sixth plot compared to the fourth and first plots, respectively, it seems that due to the limited water resources in the north of the country, the use of plot-to-plot irrigation for planting Rice needs more and more detailed investigation in order to achieve the highest growth and yield in the region.